Complex <scp>permittivity?dependent</scp> plasma <scp>confinement?assisted</scp> growth of asymmetric vertical graphene nanofiber membrane for <scp>high?performance Li?S</scp> full cells

Vertical graphene (VG), possessing superior chemical, physical, and structural peculiarities, holds great promise as a building block for constructing high-energy density lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery. Therefore, it is desirable to develop new VG growth technique with novel structure enable wide applications. Herein, we devise complex permittivity-dependent plasma confinement-assisted technique, via asymmetric growing layer on one side of N-doped carbon nanofibers the first time, using unique lab-built high flux plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, bifunctional nanofiber membrane construct Li-S batteries low negative/positive (N/P) electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratios. The could simultaneously protect cathode anode, enabling an excellent electrochemical performance N/P E/S ratios in batteries. Such full cell delivers gravimetric energy volumetric 340 Wh kg?1 547 L?1, respectively, at (2:1) (4:1) Furthermore, pouch achieves areal capacity 7.1 mAh cm?2 sulfur loading 6 mg cm?2. This work put forward pathway design